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This essay was featured in our Conscious Citizens Dispatch #33. Click here to read the full newsletter!
When we want to find lessons about how to resist today, one of the best sources is the generations of Black resistance to white supremacy. Often this resistance is reduced to a simple, and male-centric, binary: the nonviolence of Martin Luther King Jr, and the “by any means necessary” of Malcolm X - but reality is much more complex. In the book, “We Refuse,” historian Kellie Carter Jackson urges us to move past this false choice, offering an unflinching examination of the breadth of Black responses to white oppression, particularly those pioneered by Black women.
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